Manmohan Singh is an Indian economist and politician who was born on September 26, 1932 in Gah, West Punjab, now part of Pakistan. Manmohan Singh served as the Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is remembered as the first Sikh Prime Minister of India and is credited with a major transformation of the Indian economy under his leadership.
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Early life and education
Manmohan Singh began his education at Punjab University, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts in Economics in 1952 and 1954 respectively. He then went on to Cambridge University, where he obtained a first-class honours degree in Economics in 1957, and completed postgraduate studies at Nuffield College, Oxford University, where he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy in 1962. His early career included teaching at Punjab University, Delhi School of Economics and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
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Political career
Singh began his political career in 1971 as an economic adviser in the Ministry of Commerce. He soon rose to important positions such as chief economic adviser and secretary to the Ministry of Finance. In many ways, Singh’s fiscal policies during his tenure as finance minister from 1991 to 1996 revolutionized the Indian economy. In the face of dire economic conditions, Singh introduced radical reforms, including liberalizing the economy, weakening the rupee, reducing the tax burden, and encouraging foreign investment in India.
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In 2004, the Indian National Congress won a landslide victory in the parliamentary elections, and Sonia Gandhi appointed Singh as prime minister. During Singh’s administration, India achieved inclusive growth and poverty reduction, while continuing to pursue economic prosperity, with an average economic growth rate of about 7.7% during his five-year term. Singh was re-elected in 2009, but problems such as inflation and corruption scandals damaged the credibility of his government.
Achievements and Legacy
Millions of people were lifted out of poverty, and India became a major world economic power thanks to his success as a leader. Some of his government’s landmark legislation has established citizens’ rights to food, education, work and information. Despite all these successes, his later years and his government were plagued by controversies, including the 2G spectrum allocation scam and the controversy surrounding
Commonwealth Games
He received many awards during his career and in 1987 he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India’s second highest civilian honour. Singh made very significant contributions to the economy and is internationally recognised as one of the most influential people in India and the world.
Personal life
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Manmohan Singh, who is married to Gursharan Kaur and has three daughters, is a humble man with a scholarly approach to statecraft. Although he has left office, Singh remains an influential figure in Indian politics.
Singh’s legacy is that he led India’s transition from a state-controlled economy to a more market-oriented one. His reforms not only saved the Indian economy, but also laid the foundation for sustained growth and global integration. The entrepreneurial culture he fostered during his tenure has led to a vibrant Indian economy, a thriving middle class and growing consumerism.
Singh’s policies played an important role in reshaping India’s economic landscape, promoting liberalization and addressing social challenges through targeted measures. His tenure is often seen as a turning point in India’s journey toward becoming an emerging global economic power.
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