After spending weeks or months in space, returning to Earth is not an easy task for astronauts. Although space travel is an incredible experience, the journey back to Earth’s gravity presents some physical and mental challenges. The human body adapts to the microgravity environment of space, and due to the lack of load-bearing activities, the functions of muscles, bones and even the cardiovascular system are different. However, once astronauts return to Earth, they have to readjust their normal gravity, which can lead to balance problems, muscle weakness and other physiological changes.
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In addition to physical adjustments, astronauts also face psychological challenges. Spending a long time in space, usually in isolated and narrow environments can affect their mental health. Rehabilitation and recovery play a crucial role in helping astronauts recover their strength and adapt to their daily lives. From professional exercise programs to mental health support, space agencies such as NASA and ESA have developed detailed protocols to assist astronauts in their recovery later.
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How does the human body change in space?
Musculoskeletal system: In microgravity, muscle atrophy and bone density loss caused by astronauts due to reduced mechanical load. NASA reports that load-bearing bones may lose 1% to 1.5% of monthly mineral density during space flights. After returning, recovery is essential for restoring strength and bone mass, although some losses can be irreversible.
NASA mentioned: “NASA learned that if the average monthly mineral density accounts for 1% to 1.5% on return to Earth, bone losses may not be completely corrected, but they are not at high risk.
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Cardiovascular system: The lack of gravity can cause the fluid to be redistributed to the upper body, which can weaken the heart muscle over time. After re-entering, astronauts may experience low blood pressure in situ (a form of hypotension when standing), causing dizziness and syncope.
Jaxa mentioned: “In contrast, astronauts often experience dizziness when standing because the gravity on Earth is more powerful than in space and it is more difficult to transfer blood from the heart.
Vision: Fluid displacement increases intracranial pressure, resulting in visual impairment known as space-associated neuroophthalmic syndrome (SANS). Symptoms include swelling of the flat eyeball and optic nerve, and some effects may persist for a long time after returning.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology mentioned: “Space Flight-related Neuroophthalmic Syndrome (SANS) – known as visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome[1]- is a constellation of discoveries and symptoms found in astronauts on long-duration space flight (LDSF) missions in microgravity environments such as the International Space Station (ISS). ”
Emotional and Cognitive Functions: Extended tasks can lead to mood swings, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments. NASA’s Human Research Program has identified factors such as isolation, isolation and distance from the Earth that contribute to these challenges.
Overview Effect: Viewing the Earth from space often causes a profound cognitive shift in astronauts, thereby enhancing a sense of solidarity and desire to protect the Earth. This phenomenon is called the “overview effect” and can influence their views and priorities when returning.
The Canadian government website mentioned: “What they see from space is a thin atmosphere that protects everything on our planet. Ecosystem – all we have is the vulnerability of astronauts.
Rehabilitation and adjustment
After the last wish, astronauts are undergoing a comprehensive rehabilitation program to address these challenges. Physical therapy focuses on restoring muscle strength, balance and cardiovascular fitness. Psychological support helps them cope with the reintegration of daily life and any emotional difficulties that their mission brings.
In short, understanding these impacts is crucial, as space agencies plan longer missions, such as travel to Mars. Ongoing research aims to develop effective countermeasures to protect astronauts’ health while on and after the journey.
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Source: https://dinhtienhoang.edu.vn
Category: Optical Illusion