Deep in the huge Pacific Ocean, the Challenger is the lowest point on our planet. This natural phenomenon is found along the ditch of Mariana and is an example of the shocking depths and unknown areas that exist below the sea. Mariana’s ditch itself is a huge crescent-shaped ditch with a length of about 2550 kilometers and a width of 69 kilometers.
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Location and geography
Mariana’s ditch is located in the eastern part of the Mariana Islands, a part of the United States. The trench is formed by the movement of the tectonic plates, and during the subduction, the Pacific plates are forced under the Mariana plates. This leads to typical deep troughs and trenches in this area.
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Depth and exploration
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The challenger is named after the Royal Navy survey ship HMS Challenger, with a maximum depth of about 10,984 meters (36,037 feet) below sea level. This is the most extreme depth on Earth and one of the most unceremonious places, with pressures far exceeding 1000 times the sea level pressure and near-freezing temperatures. Despite this, several expeditions visited the challenger’s depths. Jacques Piccard and U.S. Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh completed their first successful dive in 1960. Recently, film producer James Cameron was alone at the bottom in 2012, while Victor Vescovo dived as part of five expeditions in 2019.
Environmental conditions
Deep inside the challenger is the extreme environment. The pressure is huge, up to 1,086 more poles, equivalent to the weight of about 480 cars stacked on each other. The temperature is only a few degrees higher than the freezing point, and the sunlight will not penetrate to this level, so it is deep and colder. Under these extreme conditions, life does exist, represented specifically for these extreme deep-sea creatures.
Scientific significance
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Challenger Deep and Mariana’s Trench provide scientists with a special research opportunity to examine extreme environments and organisms living in them. Ditches live in many deep-sea creatures, such as giant tube worms, deep-sea fish and microorganisms, which can live in light-free and high-pressure environments. Examining these creatures can provide scientists with information on how life originated from Earth and the potential for life elsewhere in the universe.
Challenger Deep is not only a natural phenomenon, but also the boundary of scientific research. Its extreme environment makes scientists a difficult but interesting field of research. With the help of progressive technology, we may further understand the deepest points on Earth and the life forms that inhabit Earth, further improving our understanding of the world and its ecosystems.
Source: https://dinhtienhoang.edu.vn
Category: Optical Illusion