What is Martial Law? Know Why Was It Implemented in South Korea

Martial law in South Korea is a state of military governance that the president can declare in emergencies such as war or major national threats. This extraordinary measure suspended civil legal proceedings and granted the military authority to manage civilian affairs.

Martial law was recently declared

On December 3, 2024, South Korea’s president declared martial law for the first time in more than 40 years due to an escalating threat from “anti-state forces” and the main opposition party was accused of sympathizing with “undermining confidence in the state apparatus.” with North Korea. According to the BBC, South Korean President Yoon Seok-yeol said in a speech on a late-night television program that the activities of the opposition paralyzed national affairs and posed a threat to national security.

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Main features of the declaration

Suspension of civil rights: During martial law, normal civil rights are usually suspended. This involves bans on freedom of speech, assembly and the press. The military was allowed to dominate media outlets and political activities.

Military Rule: The declaration provides for military control of public order and government, meaning that military rule replaces civilian authority during the declaration of a state of emergency.

Historical background: This is the first time martial law has been declared in South Korea since 1980. South Korea’s political history has been marked by periods of military rule due to political turmoil.

On-site response

The announcement sparked widespread protests and condemnation from opposition leaders and citizens. Many see this as an unconstitutional attempt to consolidate power amid falling support and political strife following Yoon’s heavy losses in recent elections. Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung called for mass mobilization against what he said was an undemocratic move.

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legislative response

Hours later, opposition lawmakers held an emergency meeting and unanimously voted to abolish martial law. The speed with which this has been achieved demonstrates how resistant South Korea’s democratic institutions and public are to authoritarian measures.

President Yoon’s declaration of martial law highlights South Korea’s highly tense political situation, showing that the current ruling party is not only struggling to maintain control but also battling opposition factions.

When President Yoon argued that the move was necessary for national security, the speed of reaction and reversal demonstrated the strong democratic governance of the Korean people. As of now, the situation is constantly changing as political forces continue to adapt to this unprecedented event.

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