The Scientific Significance of Diwali: Understanding Fireworks and Pollution

Diwali is very much a festival of light, especially from an environmental and scientific perspective, and the effects of fireworks are also of great cultural significance. This article analyzes the Diwali celebrations, the use of fireworks and the intensity of pollution caused mainly in urban areas like Delhi.

Air quality and fireworks

Air pollutant levels increase significantly during Diwali due to bursting of firecrackers. Research shows that particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations may increase significantly due to firecracker emissions. In fact, during Diwali, PM2.5 concentrations can soar up to 40%, with concentrations even reaching shocking figures such as 900 micrograms/cubic meter in Delhi, which is far from the annual average air quality guidelines provided by the World Health Organization. 5 micrograms/cubic meter.

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Fireworks and firecrackers release a variety of harmful substances into the atmosphere, including:

• Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
• Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
• Heavy metals (e.g. lead, barium, cadmium)

A 2018 study highlighted that fireworks contribute to worsening air quality during Diwali, with overall pollution levels remaining high in the days following the celebrations. Toxic fumes from these emissions pose serious health risks, particularly respiratory problems for vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly.

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Dangerous respiratory illnesses due to this atmospheric pollution often occur over a long period of time in vulnerable children or the elderly, as they suffer severe attacks once exposed to toxic areas.

environmental impact

Burning fireworks can affect air quality. The result is:

Soil contamination: Residues formed after burning fireworks can ultimately poison the soil.

Water pollution: Fireworks and firecracker fragments may cause microplastic pollution in water bodies.

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Noise pollution: Loud explosions cause severe damage, stress and health disorders to humans and animals.

Fireworks contribute to climate change by emitting greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), which can affect atmospheric conditions and cause phenomena such as acid rain when combined with other pollutants.

Cultural considerations and alternatives

Even though firecrackers have serious adverse effects on air quality and public health, they remain an important part of Diwali. However, people are increasingly aware of greener methods. Some states in India have banned firecrackers or promoted “green” firecrackers that emit less pollution. Here are some suggestions for celebrating Green Diwali:

• Use eco-friendly lighting and decorations.
• Organize cultural events for communities where fireworks are not allowed.
• Raise awareness of the health effects of firecracker contamination in the environment.

The scientific significance of Diwali goes beyond cultural celebrations. It signals issues of critical importance to environmental health and pollution management. Raising awareness of the harmful effects of fireworks on air quality and public health has made it important for communities to find alternatives that are least harmful to the environment to celebrate this treasured holiday.

Source: https://dinhtienhoang.edu.vn
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