The Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher is an artillery system developed by the Indian Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). It can launch 12 rocket Salvo in 44 seconds, targeting an area of up to 90 kilometers.
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The system is installed on a Tatra truck and provides high mobility. Pinaka was effectively used during the Kagir War in 1999 and has since become a key component of the Indian Army’s artillery unit.
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Recently, France has had advanced discussions with India to obtain the Pinaka system. The move is noteworthy as it marks the first time that India’s major arms suppliers have sought to buy Indian-made weapons.
The French delegation evaluated the Indian system about three months ago and found it satisfactory. Negotiations are underway and there is no final agreement yet.
In this article, we will explore the characteristics of the Pinaka system, its development history, and the significance of France’s interest in obtaining it.
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What is a Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher?
Pinaka is a multi-tube rocket launcher (MBRL) system developed in India by the Defense Research and Development Organization of the Indian Army (DRDO).
The development of the Pinaka system began in 1986 and is an alternative to a Russian-made multi-barrel rocket launch system.
Pinaka saw service during the Kagir War, where he successfully neutralized the enemy’s position. Since then, it has been selected into the Indian Army and ordered series production.
Details of the Pinaka system
- Components: A complete Pinaka MBRL system consists of six launch vehicles, each with 12 rockets, six loaders, six supply vehicles, two command vehicles with fire computers (one backup vehicle) and a Digicora Met Radar that provides data in the wind.
- Function: The six launchers’ batteries can neutralize 1,000 m x 800 m area, and all 72 rockets can be launched in 44 seconds, covering an area of 1 km^2. Each launcher can be launched in a different direction and thanks to the fire computer, all rockets can be launched flexibly.
- Mobility: This system is installed on a Tatra truck for movement.
- Cost: The Pinaka MBRL is said to be cheaper than other systems, with each system priced at Rs 230 crore ($270,000) while the M270 costs Rs 1.95 crore ($2.3 million).
- Operation mode: The transmitter can be operated in autonomous, independent, remote and manual modes.
Variants
- MK-I: 37.5 km (23.3 mi)
- MK-I Enhancement: 45 km (28 miles)
- MK-II: 60 km (37 miles)
- Pinaka Guide: 75 km (47 miles) (under development)
- ERR 122: 40 km (25 miles) (test phase)
- MK-II ER: 90 km (56 miles) (test phase)
- MK-III: 120 km (75 miles) (development)
Pinaka utilizes state-of-the-art technology to improve combat performance, optimize operating time for shooting and pedal capabilities, and cabin pressure for crew protection.
It also includes fully automatic positioning and fire control panels based on microprocessors, as well as night vision equipment for both the driver and crew.
Additionally, it can neutralize or destroy exposed troop concentrations, Class B military land vehicles and other soft targets. It can also destroy enemy guns and rockets in a short time, as well as modeled reflexes and anti-tank mines.
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Key features of the Pinaka system
Pinaka is a multi-tube rocket launcher (MBRL) system developed by India, designed for the Indian army by the National Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO).
It was developed as an alternative to Russian manufacturing systems. The Pinaka MBRL consists of six launch vehicles, each equipped with 12 tubes capable of launching rockets. Salvo can be launched with 72 rockets in 44 seconds.
Key Features:
- Firepower: The Pinaka MBRL system can only launch 72 rockets Salvo in 44 seconds. The six transmitters’ batteries can neutralize an area of 1,000 m x 800 m.
- Mobility: The system is highly mobile and can be deployed in various terrains as it can be installed on Tatra or Tata trucks.
- Accuracy: Accuracy has been improved in the Pinaka MK-III version, which has an improved guidance system.
- Multifunctionality: The Pinaka MBRL system can launch a range of rockets, including highly explosive, fragmented and burning rockets.
- Operation mode: The transmitter can be operated in autonomous, independent, remote and manual modes.
- Shooting and Pedals: Pinaka optimizes the operation time of the Shooting and Pedals feature, which means it can fire and move quickly to avoid being a target.
- Target: Pinaka can participate in various targets such as exposed enemy troops, armored and skinned cars, communication centers, air terminal complexes, fuel and ammunition depots.
Pinaka variant:
- Pinaka Mark-I: 40 km range
- Pinaka MK-II: Increased range up to 90 km
- Pinaka MK-III: Improved guidance system and range up to 120 km
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What are the main differences between the Pinaka MK-I, MK-II and MK-III versions?
The Pinaka Multi-Battery Rocket Launcher (MBRL) system has undergone multiple upgrades, resulting in the development of MK-II and MK-III versions, which have improved scope and accuracy.
Here are the main differences between Pinaka variants:
- Pinaka MK-I: The range is 40 kilometers. It can launch 12 rocket Salvo in 44 seconds.
- Pinaka MK-II: Upgraded version with a range of 70-80 km, but according to other sources, up to 90 km and payload of 250 kg.
- It has a more advanced guidance system and can launch guided and non-guided rockets. It has 12 barrels and can fire 12 rockets in 40 seconds.
- Pinaka MK-III: The latest and most advanced variants range from 90-120 km and payload of 300 kg. It has a sophisticated navigation system and can launch guided and unguided rockets.
- Like the previous variant, it has 12 barrels and can launch 12 rocket Salvo in 45 seconds. This version also has an improved guidance system, which improves its accuracy.
Why is France interested in buying the Pinaka rocket system?
France is considering acquiring India’s Pinaka Multi-Battery Rocket Launcher (MBRL) system to meet its military needs and modernize its defense force. France’s top Army officials said they are evaluating the Pinaka system.
Here are some key points of French interest:
- MBRL system required: French troops need a multi-barrel rocket launcher system like Pinaka. They are evaluating it with similar systems in other countries.
- Assessment Mission: A special mission planned for visiting India to evaluate the Pinaka launcher and its ammunition.
- Retirement Current System: France plans to retire its existing M270 Lance-roquettes Unitaire (LRU) rocket system. Some of these systems have been allocated to support Ukraine.
- More and more defense ties: France and India have established a long and strong defensive relationship. France provided India with military equipment such as Rafale aircraft and star-class submarines.
- Pinaka’s features: The Pinaka system can reach targets up to 75 kilometers and comes in multiple variations. It is designed to target enemy locations, including bunkers and artillery.
- “Made in India” initiative: France’s potential acquisition of Pinaka will greatly promote India’s “Made in India” initiative.
- Multifunctionality: There are plans to enhance the versatility of the system by adapting it to mine laying.
- Other countries of interest: Armenia has ordered India’s Pinaka Rockets, and other countries have also expressed interest.
The future of defense cooperation in India and France
India and France have built a decades-long strategic partnership based on shared trust and a shared vision of global order. Defense and security cooperation are the cornerstone of this relationship, especially in the Indo-Pacific.
Both countries are committed to deepening the defense industry relations and working together to identify opportunities for jointly designing, developing and producing defense equipment together.
Key aspects of the future of India-France defense cooperation include:
- Industrial Cooperation: Both countries focus on increasing integration between their respective defense industry sectors. India is setting up a “technology” office in its Paris embassy to simplify defense transactions and strengthen technical cooperation.
- Joint production: India and France have agreed to jointly produce joint production of defense equipment, including helicopters and submarines.
- Co-development and co-production: Commitment to cooperate in the joint development and co-production of advanced defense technologies, which may be to benefit from the interests of third countries. A roadmap for cooperation in the defense industry is being developed.
- “Made in India” initiative: France supports India’s “Made in India” program through technology transfer and defense manufacturing.
- Military Equipment: France is one of India’s main partners in developing its self-reliance industry and technology foundation.
- For example, buy Rafale aircraft and P-75 Scorpion projects. There is also cooperation in the joint development of military aviation and fighter engines.
- Maritime Cooperation: Cooperation is intensifying in joint surveillance missions in the Indian Ocean Southwest Asia. Regarding cooperation with like-minded countries, there is a discussion on proactively improving capabilities in the marine sector.
- Exercise: India and France are improving the complexity and interoperability of their joint defense exercises in the air, ocean and land, and are considering a unique joint third-level service.
- Space Cooperation: Both countries face future security challenges, including challenges in space, and share a vision for space cooperation to promote deeper collaboration among their national space institutions.
- Strategic Autonomy: Both countries try to maintain credible, local defense capabilities and defend their independent strategic direction.
- Global Impact: The partnership supports France’s efforts to provide the Indo-Pacific countries with a “third way” and position India as a bridge between France and the rise of global power.
Source: https://dinhtienhoang.edu.vn
Category: Optical Illusion